Which statement describes a macro covalent lattice?

Which statement describes a macro covalent lattice?

• A. Particles: Ions; Forces: Electrostatic attraction; Properties: High melting point.
• B. Particles: Atoms; Forces: Covalent bonds; Properties: Very high melting point, hard, poor conductors.
• C. Particles: Molecules; Forces: Van der Waals; Properties: Low melting point.
• D. Particles: Positive ions and delocalized electrons; Forces: Metallic bonding; Properties: Good conductors.

Answer: (B)

A macro covalent lattice is a solid in which atoms are linked throughout the entire crystal by strong covalent bonds, forming a continuous 3D network. Because breaking this structure requires severing many covalent bonds, the energy needed is enormous, giving a very high melting point and making the material hard. The electrons are localized in the covalent bonds rather than free to move, so the solid does not conduct electricity well. This matches the description where particles are atoms, bonds are covalent, and the material shows very high melting point, hardness, and poor electrical conductivity. In contrast, ionic lattices involve electrostatic attraction between ions, van der Waals forces describe weak attractions in molecular solids with low melting points, and metallic bonding involves delocalized electrons that conduct electricity well.

A macro covalent lattice is a solid in which atoms are linked throughout the entire crystal by strong covalent bonds, forming a continuous 3D network. Because breaking this structure requires severing many covalent bonds, the energy needed is enormous, giving a very high melting point and making the material hard. The electrons are localized in the covalent bonds rather than free to move, so the solid does not conduct electricity well.

This matches the description where particles are atoms, bonds are covalent, and the material shows very high melting point, hardness, and poor electrical conductivity. In contrast, ionic lattices involve electrostatic attraction between ions, van der Waals forces describe weak attractions in molecular solids with low melting points, and metallic bonding involves delocalized electrons that conduct electricity well.